On Feb. 26, the moon will pass in front of the sun, creating a brilliant ring of sunlight visible from areas around the southern Atlantic Ocean. Here’s our video look at the path of the February 2017 solar eclipse .
When the moon creates a ring of sunlight during an eclipse instead of completely blocking the solar disk, it’s known as an annular eclipse or “ring of fire” eclipse. And although the Feb. 26 event won’t be a total eclipse of the sun (or of the heart ), it will still be a stunning sight leading up to what may be the most anticipated skywatching event of the year: the total solar eclipse in Aug. 21, 2017 .
The Feb. 26 annular eclipse will be visible across a path stretching from the southern Pacific Ocean across parts of southern Chile, Argentina, the southern Atlantic Ocean and parts of southern Africa. It will reach its peak at 9:54 a.m. EST (1454 GMT). [Ring of Fire: Annular Eclipse Photos ]
You can track the eclipse from NASA’s interactive Google map or keep up with detailed charts and predictions on sites like Eclipsewise.com .
What causes an annular eclipse?
Solar eclipses occur when the moon comes between the Earth and the sun, lining up with the sun as seen by spectators on Earth. In a total solar eclipse, the moon lines up perfectly with the sun and blocks out all light. But in an annular eclipse, the moon doesn’t completely cover the sun; this is possible because the orbits of both the Earth and the moon are elliptical (that is, not perfectly circular).
“Earth’s orbit is a little elliptical, and the moon’s orbit is a little more elliptical, so sometimes, [the moon is] a little further away from us than at other times,” said Jay Pasachoff, an astronomer at Williams College in Massachusetts and veteran of many solar eclipses. “When it’s relatively far away, it’s a little smaller in angle, and it’s too small to cover the whole everyday solar disk.”
As a result, the edges of the solar disk peek out from behind the shadow of the moon, leaving a ring of sunlight.
Every 18 months or so, there is one annular eclipse and one total solar eclipse somewhere on Earth. Eclipses don’t occur every time the moon passes between the Earth and the sun because the moon’s orbit is tilted about 5 degrees compared to the Earth’s orbit around the sun. When the moon’s shadow crosses the sun but its center doesn’t align exactly with the center of the sun, it’s known as a partial solar eclipse — when the moon sits either a little too high or too low to totally cover the sun.
This chart shows the visibility range and times of greatest duration for the annular “ring of fire” solar eclipse of Feb. 26, 2017.
Credit: NASA/GSFC/Fred Espenak
What do you need to see it?
Credit: Karl Tate, SPACE.com Contributor
At the point of its greatest duration, the Feb. 26 eclipse will last just 1 minute and 22 seconds, so there’s no need to camp out for a long haul. But just like with any skywatching event, it’s important to take precautions, especially so that you don’t damage your eyes. WARNING: Looking directly at the sun, even during an annular eclipse, can lead to blindness and permanent eye damage if you aren’t wearing proper eye protection.
To safely watch an annular eclipse , you’ll need special protective eyewear or eclipse glasses. Basic sunglasses, even those with UV protection, will not sufficiently protect your eyes. If you’re planning on documenting the eclipse with any photo equipment, there are special solar filters you can add to make sure the remaining ring of sunlight doesn’t take a toll on your vision. (However, Pasachoff suggested that you avoid messing with equipment if you don’t want to miss the spectacle.) The safest way to observe an eclipse is indirectly, using a pinhole camera that can be made easily at home.
“Dedicated amateur astronomers may have telescopes, but what we really recommend for first-time viewers is just to watch,” Pasachoff said. “A total eclipse is such a dazzling event that you really would be better off just enjoying the spectacle rather than busying yourself with camera settings.”
If you must document it, a simple wide-angle snap should capture the moment, even if you’re using your smartphone camera.
When is the next eclipse?
The annular solar eclipse will occur Feb. 26, 2017, with the point where the eclipse will appear to last the longest located off the eastern coast of South America. The next highly anticipated total solar eclipse, set to take place Aug. 21, 2017, is being called the “Great American Eclipse” because the best viewing locations will be within the continental U.S. For this event, Pasachoff said now is the time to make necessary travel plans and reservations if you want to observe the eclipse within the path of totality.
Editor’s note: This story was updated on Jan. 31, 2017 by Space.com’s Tariq Malik.
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